I'm thinking it's a fuel issue, also ... don't like the sound of the LP. Crack open the water drain (brass T-handle) at the Fuel Filter manager and have somebody turn the key to on for a few seconds so the Lift Pump runs ... fuel should come out of there without a lot of bubbles in it. If it doesn't, you need a new LP. Just because they purr like a kitten doesn't mean they are pumping anything. Sometimes, people replace them with the wrong Lift pump, because they get bad advice or because they couldn't find the right one... if yours isn't 'flow-on-fail', then if it craps out, fuel can't get through it.
If it's good, then loosen the inlet line at the IP and turn the key on again... fuel should come out. Could be a bad filter.
If that works, then crack an injector line and have somebody turn it over... should get fuel from there. If you don't, then start thinking PMD, Optic Sensor, IP, etc.
Oh, and loosen the fuel tank cap. Don't ask.
Like Will asked, are you making a big grey cloud out the exhaust when you try to start? If you aren't getting enough fuel, it will fart like that, but you won't make a big cloud.
Les is right about the glow circuit in the newer 6.5s.. but your light isn't going out. It should, after the glows have cycled. Could be GP controller, or more likely a few bad glow plugs.
I like the suggestion of plugging it in to heat things up, you can always put a hair dryer into the air inlet line, to heat up the air, too. (Canadian Trick for Winter Starting. Wife hates it.)
Your batteries seem ok, and it seems to be catching quick enough (not turning over a lot), so my guess is fuel.
Check out the Troubleshooting checklist -
https://www.thetruckstop.us/forum/threads/6-5-engine-diagnostic-troubleshooting-checklist.6300/
Filling that out both gives you some ideas to look for, and gives us a better idea of what you're working with. I used to go through the whole list once a year on my truck, just as a maintenance guide.
Welcome to the site! These guys are the best; they will help you get sorted out.
Jim