They make a vampire kit to suck oil out the dipstick for UOA so you don't have to wait for a change. (Least 1000 miles on the oil though.) Harsh conditions are short trip, long idle times, towing, not warming the engine up all the way due to cold weather and medium trips, stop and go, taxi, delivery, WarWagon behind the wheel, etc.
Synthetic oil tends to make the engine oil cooler lines that have heat hardened leak. Synthetic oil has higher heat tolerance and this engine can benefit from that if you load it. I would replace the oil cooler lines with something better if you switch to synthetic. The GM hoses can't take the heat.
UOA is a trend sort of thing with surprises that are clear. Oil is done (needs to be changed) by low TBN, Viscosity creeping up due to high heat and soot loading, high soot, additive depletion, or high levels of contaminates. My favorite way to ruin oil is high temp that makes 15w-40 read in the 50 weight range. Yes, this is with the under 3000 mile change - my oil is done! Synthetic for me solves the high temp issue. (One result was 50 wt range, TBN failed, high soot, high metals... and a scuffed piston.)
With UOA you can see how your oil is doing and pick a change interval. Further any surprises like a cracked intake hose or coolant can be fixed before the engine fails.